Hawaii
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2019 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Race/Ethnicity
Total * Notes
White,
Non-Hispanic
Black,
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic,
Non-Hispanic
Asian or
Pacific Islander,
Non-Hispanic
American Indian
or Alaskan Native,
Non-Hispanic
Anencephaly <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Anophthalmia / microphthalmia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 6 (2.0)
Anotia / microtia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 19 (8.3) <5 (†) 21 (7.1)
Aortic valve stenosis 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Atrial septal defect 7 (13.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 32 (14.0) <5 (†) 43 (14.6)
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (5.7) 0 (0.0) 14 (4.7)
Biliary atresia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Bladder exstrophy 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Choanal atresia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 12 (5.3) 0 (0.0) 14 (4.7)
Cleft lip with cleft palate 8 (15.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 15 (6.6) 0 (0.0) 23 (7.8)
Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) 8 (15.6) <5 (†) <5 (†) 10 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 21 (7.1)
Cloacal exstrophy 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Clubfoot 5 (9.8) <5 (†) <5 (†) 28 (12.3) 0 (0.0) 37 (12.5)
Coarctation of aorta <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (4.4) <5 (†) 12 (4.1)
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Congenital cataract 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.7)
Congenital posterior urethral valves 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1
Craniosynostosis <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (2.6) <5 (†) 11 (3.7)
Deletion 22q11.2 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.7)
Diaphragmatic hernia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 12 (4.1)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (3.1) <5 (†) 10 (3.4)
Ebstein anomaly 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Encephalocele 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Gastroschisis <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 9 (3.9) 0 (0.0) 12 (4.1)
Holoprosencephaly <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Hypospadias 21 (81.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 62 (52.1) <5 (†) 87 (56.9) 1
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†)
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 11 (4.8) 0 (0.0) 14 (4.7)
Omphalocele <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 8 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 11 (3.7)
Pulmonary valve atresia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 17 (5.8)
Rectal and large intestinal atresia / stenosis 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 6 (2.0)
Renal agenesis / hypoplasia 6 (11.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 14 (6.1) 0 (0.0) 23 (7.8)
Single ventricle <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Small intestinal atresia / stenosis <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 9 (3.9) 0 (0.0) 10 (3.4)
Spina bifida without anencephaly <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.7)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 12 (4.1)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.7)
Tricuspid valve atresia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Trisomy 13 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 5 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 6 (2.0)
Trisomy 18 5 (9.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 11 (4.8) 0 (0.0) 18 (6.1)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 16 (31.3) <5 (†) <5 (†) 36 (15.8) <5 (†) 59 (20.0)
Turner syndrome <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 2
Ventricular septal defect 30 (58.6) <5 (†) <5 (†) 104 (45.6) 0 (0.0) 139 (47.1)
Total live births 5116 552 530 22825 369 29509 3
Male Live Births 2582 285 278 11889 199 15283
Female Live Births 2534 267 252 10936 170 14226
Notes
1- Data for this condition include male and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 male live births.
2- Data for this condition include female and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 female live births.
3- Data for total live births include unknown infant sex.

General comments
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other race
Hawaii
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2019 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Age
Total *
Less than 35 years 35 of more years
Gastroschisis 11 (4.9) <5 (†) 12 (4.1)
Trisomy 13 0 (0.0) 6 (8.3) 6 (2.0)
Trisomy 18 <5 (†) 14 (19.4) 18 (6.1)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 21 (9.4) 38 (52.6) 59 (20.0)
Total live births 22280 7228 29509
Notes
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other maternal age
Hawaii
Notes on Specific Birth Defects
Defect Site Comment
Universal comment For reporting years 2018 and 2019, Hawaii data excludes birth defects from Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC). TAMC is the only hospital where we conduct onsite data abstractions, and during the pandemic our workers were restricted access to the hospital. Even after the health emergency for COVID-19 was eased, they have yet to give back access (despite our requests to do so). TAMC accounts for roughly 14% of live births in HI in a given year.
Universal comment There are no Hawaii birth defects data submissions for reporting years 2020 thru 2023 because we are still in the middle of abstracting 2020 data, and we did not get to 2021-2023 data yet. A combination of program funding issues and worker turnover have led to the program falling drastically behind in the collection schedule. Because of the funding issues we were not able to retain a full staff necessary to sustain an efficient program. In addition, because of worker turnover there were stretches of time where we did not have any abstractors working on hand.
Universal comment Table 1b and 2b excludes Tripler Army Medical Center for the same reasons explained above.
Universal comment Although we do code probable/possible diagnosis, they are excluded from the Hawaii birth defect counts.
Universal comment Due to an extended vacancy in the clinical reviewer position, only select portions of the 2018 data, and the entirety of the 2019 dataset were not subject to clinical review.