| Massachusetts Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births) |
|||||||
| Defect |
Maternal Race/Ethnicity
|
Total * | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White, Non-Hispanic |
Black, Non-Hispanic |
Hispanic, Non-Hispanic |
Asian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic |
American Indian or Alaskan Native, Non-Hispanic |
|||
| Anencephaly | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 6 (0.8) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 116 (3.4) | |
| Anophthalmia / microphthalmia | 21 (1.1) | 6 (1.7) | 13 (1.8) | 8 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 60 (1.8) | |
| Anotia / microtia | 30 (1.5) | 5 (1.4) | 20 (2.8) | 10 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 70 (2.0) | |
| Aortic valve stenosis | 41 (2.1) | <5 (†) | 12 (1.7) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 63 (1.8) | |
| Atrial septal defect | 449 (23.1) | 128 (36.0) | 187 (26.2) | 62 (19.6) | 6 (42.2) | 853 (24.9) | |
| Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) | 122 (6.3) | 58 (16.3) | 53 (7.4) | 10 (3.2) | <5 (†) | 304 (8.9) | |
| Biliary atresia | 11 (0.6) | 5 (1.4) | 5 (0.7) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (0.7) | |
| Bladder exstrophy | 6 (0.3) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (0.3) | |
| Choanal atresia | 12 (0.6) | <5 (†) | 7 (1.0) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 26 (0.8) | |
| Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) | 53 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (3.1) | 11 (3.5) | <5 (†) | 109 (3.2) | |
| Cleft lip with cleft palate | 75 (3.9) | 14 (3.9) | 36 (5.0) | 7 (2.2) | <5 (†) | 169 (4.9) | |
| Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) | 110 (5.7) | 20 (5.6) | 31 (4.3) | 20 (6.3) | <5 (†) | 198 (5.8) | |
| Cloacal exstrophy | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.2) | |
| Clubfoot | 294 (15.1) | 54 (15.2) | 122 (17.1) | 21 (6.6) | <5 (†) | 574 (16.8) | |
| Coarctation of aorta | 98 (5.0) | 24 (6.7) | 35 (4.9) | 6 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 168 (4.9) | |
| Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) | 10 (0.5) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (0.7) | |
| Congenital cataract | 75 (3.9) | 7 (2.0) | 13 (1.8) | 12 (3.8) | <5 (†) | 110 (3.2) | |
| Congenital posterior urethral valves | 20 (2.0) | 6 (3.3) | 8 (2.2) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 48 (2.7) | 1 |
| Craniosynostosis | 148 (7.6) | 9 (2.5) | 24 (3.4) | 9 (2.8) | <5 (†) | 198 (5.8) | |
| Deletion 22q11.2 | 29 (1.5) | 9 (2.5) | 13 (1.8) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 73 (2.1) | |
| Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) | 45 (2.3) | 8 (2.2) | 17 (2.4) | 6 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 88 (2.6) | |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 52 (2.7) | 10 (2.8) | 22 (3.1) | 14 (4.4) | <5 (†) | 118 (3.4) | |
| Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) | 16 (0.8) | 7 (2.0) | 10 (1.4) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 52 (1.5) | |
| Ebstein anomaly | 7 (0.4) | <5 (†) | 7 (1.0) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.6) | |
| Encephalocele | 14 (0.7) | <5 (†) | 5 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 45 (1.3) | |
| Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula | 49 (2.5) | <5 (†) | 22 (3.1) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 83 (2.4) | |
| Gastroschisis | 35 (1.8) | 7 (2.0) | 25 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | <5 (†) | 87 (2.5) | |
| Holoprosencephaly | 10 (0.5) | <5 (†) | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 77 (2.2) | |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 19 (1.0) | 6 (1.7) | 20 (2.8) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 84 (2.5) | |
| Hypospadias | 778 (78.1) | 115 (63.6) | 165 (45.7) | 50 (30.6) | 8 (109.7) | 1155 (66.0) | 1 |
| Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) | 6 (0.3) | 6 (1.7) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (0.6) | |
| Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) | 61 (3.1) | 20 (5.6) | 22 (3.1) | 12 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 185 (5.4) | |
| Omphalocele | 39 (2.0) | 9 (2.5) | 17 (2.4) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 181 (5.3) | |
| Pulmonary valve atresia | 20 (1.0) | <5 (†) | 7 (1.0) | 6 (1.9) | <5 (†) | 51 (1.5) | |
| Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis | 168 (8.6) | 23 (6.5) | 65 (9.1) | 24 (7.6) | <5 (†) | 308 (9.0) | |
| Rectal and large intestinal atresia / stenosis | 72 (3.7) | 13 (3.7) | 27 (3.8) | 13 (4.1) | <5 (†) | 136 (4.0) | |
| Renal agenesis / hypoplasia | 179 (9.2) | 35 (9.8) | 62 (8.7) | 13 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 345 (10.1) | |
| Single ventricle | 7 (0.4) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 29 (0.8) | |
| Small intestinal atresia / stenosis | 46 (2.4) | 16 (4.5) | 15 (2.1) | 6 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 86 (2.5) | |
| Spina bifida without anencephaly | 35 (1.8) | 7 (2.0) | 30 (4.2) | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 136 (4.0) | |
| Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) | 84 (4.3) | 18 (5.1) | 26 (3.6) | 13 (4.1) | <5 (†) | 189 (5.5) | |
| Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) | 13 (0.7) | 7 (2.0) | 10 (1.4) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 38 (1.1) | |
| Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) | 56 (2.9) | 10 (2.8) | 25 (3.5) | 7 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 113 (3.3) | |
| Tricuspid valve atresia | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (0.5) | |
| Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis | 6 (0.3) | <5 (†) | 10 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (0.8) | |
| Trisomy 13 | 8 (0.4) | 5 (1.4) | <5 (†) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 179 (5.2) | |
| Trisomy 18 | 23 (1.2) | 11 (3.1) | 23 (3.2) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 341 (10.0) | |
| Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) | 191 (9.8) | 85 (23.9) | 114 (16.0) | 21 (6.6) | 5 (35.2) | 1174 (34.3) | |
| Turner syndrome | 31 (3.3) | <5 (†) | 18 (5.1) | <5 (†) | 0 (0.0) | 341 (20.4) | 2 |
| Ventricular septal defect | 551 (28.3) | 100 (28.1) | 236 (33.1) | 103 (32.6) | <5 (†) | 1048 (30.6) | |
| Total live births | 194485 | 35583 | 71398 | 31608 | 1422 | 342374 | 3 |
| Male Live Births | 99653 | 18077 | 36086 | 16339 | 729 | 174874 | |
| Female Live Births | 94832 | 17505 | 35311 | 15269 | 693 | 167498 | |
| Notes 1- Data for this condition include male and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 male live births. 2- Data for this condition include female and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 female live births. 3- Data for total live births include unknown infant sex. General comments †- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed *- Data for totals include unknown/other race |
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| Massachusetts Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births) |
|||
| Defect |
Maternal Age
|
Total * | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 35 years | 35 of more years | ||
| Gastroschisis | 77 (3.1) | 10 (1.0) | 87 (2.5) |
| Trisomy 13 | 74 (3.0) | 105 (11.0) | 179 (5.2) |
| Trisomy 18 | 112 (4.5) | 227 (23.7) | 341 (10.0) |
| Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) | 396 (16.1) | 778 (81.2) | 1174 (34.3) |
| Total live births | 246519 | 95845 | 342374 |
| Notes †- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed *- Data for totals include unknown/other maternal age |
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| Massachusetts Notes on Specific Birth Defects |
|
| Defect | Site Comment |
|---|---|
| Ventricular septal defect | Excludes isolated small (<=4mm) muscular and membranous VSDs |
| Atrial septal defect | Excludes isolated small (<=4mm) atrial septal defects ASDs |
| Clubfoot | Requires treatment for live births and autopsy confirmation for non-livebirths |
| Universal comment | CDC/BPA coding, but with different codes for congenital cataract, diaphragmatic hernia, and DORV |
| Universal comment | Possible/probable cases are excluded |
| Universal comment | Outcomes include live births, stillbirths and unspecified non-live births (terminations/miscarriages) |
| Universal comment | Stillbirths defined as fetal deaths >=20 weeks or >=350 grams |
| Universal comment | Unspecified non-live births include terminations, any GA; and miscarriages <20 weeks or <350grams |
| Universal comment | For live births and for stillbirths, race/ethnicity comes from vital records |
| Universal comment | For other outcomes or when not available, race/ethnicity comes from the medical record |