Maryland
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Race/Ethnicity
Total * Notes
White,
Non-Hispanic
Black,
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic,
Non-Hispanic
Asian or
Pacific Islander,
Non-Hispanic
American Indian
or Alaskan Native,
Non-Hispanic
Anencephaly <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (0.2)
Anophthalmia / microphthalmia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Anotia / microtia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 20 (0.6)
Aortic valve stenosis 5 (0.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (0.3)
Atrial septal defect 92 (6.4) 121 (11.3) 21 (3.2) <5 (†) <5 (†) 461 (13.3)
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) 10 (0.7) 16 (1.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 65 (1.9)
Biliary atresia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Bladder exstrophy <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (0.1)
Choanal atresia <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (0.2)
Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) 25 (1.7) 9 (0.8) 11 (1.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 92 (2.7)
Cleft lip with cleft palate 23 (1.6) 8 (0.7) 5 (0.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 76 (2.2)
Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) 46 (3.2) 15 (1.4) 11 (1.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 156 (4.5)
Cloacal exstrophy <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Clubfoot 72 (5.0) 14 (1.3) 17 (2.6) 5 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 250 (7.2)
Coarctation of aorta 15 (1.0) 18 (1.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 69 (2.0)
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) 5 (0.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (0.3)
Congenital cataract <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (0.2)
Congenital posterior urethral valves <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 14 (0.8) 1
Craniosynostosis 7 (0.5) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (0.5)
Deletion 22q11.2 <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (0.2)
Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) 11 (0.8) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 34 (1.0)
Diaphragmatic hernia 13 (0.9) 8 (0.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 66 (1.9)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) 8 (0.6) 6 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 38 (1.1)
Ebstein anomaly <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 11 (0.3)
Encephalocele 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (0.2)
Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula 9 (0.6) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 40 (1.2)
Gastroschisis 12 (0.8) 12 (1.1) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 60 (1.7)
Holoprosencephaly <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 18 (0.5)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 6 (0.4) 8 (0.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 33 (1.0)
Hypospadias 112 (15.2) 102 (18.7) 21 (6.2) 12 (9.8) 0 (0.0) 490 (27.7) 1
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) 15 (1.0) 22 (2.1) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 69 (2.0)
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) 10 (0.7) 7 (0.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 44 (1.3)
Omphalocele 13 (0.9) 5 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 44 (1.3)
Pulmonary valve atresia <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 14 (0.4)
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis 6 (0.4) 10 (0.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 42 (1.2)
Rectal and large intestinal atresia / stenosis 5 (0.3) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 27 (0.8)
Renal agenesis / hypoplasia 10 (0.7) 7 (0.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 62 (1.8)
Single ventricle 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 9 (0.3)
Small intestinal atresia / stenosis <5 (†) 8 (0.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 40 (1.2)
Spina bifida without anencephaly 27 (1.9) 5 (0.5) 5 (0.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 80 (2.3)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 26 (1.8) 27 (2.5) 5 (0.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 106 (3.1)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (0.4)
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) 12 (0.8) 5 (0.5) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 38 (1.1)
Tricuspid valve atresia <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (0.5)
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (0.5)
Trisomy 13 <5 (†) 5 (0.5) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 11 (0.3)
Trisomy 18 9 (0.6) 13 (1.2) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 50 (1.4)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 67 (4.7) 64 (6.0) 23 (3.5) <5 (†) <5 (†) 294 (8.5)
Turner syndrome <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 17 (1.0) 2
Ventricular septal defect 97 (6.7) 102 (9.5) 22 (3.3) 9 (3.7) <5 (†) 440 (12.7)
Total live births 143825 107280 65872 24028 508 346744 3
Male Live Births 73698 54408 33645 12288 249 176889
Female Live Births 70124 52866 32226 11738 259 169843
Notes
1- Data for this condition include male and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 male live births.
2- Data for this condition include female and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 female live births.
3- Data for total live births include unknown infant sex.

General comments
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other race
Maryland
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Age
Total *
Less than 35 years 35 of more years
Gastroschisis 38 (1.4) <5 (†) 60 (1.7)
Trisomy 13 7 (0.3) <5 (†) 11 (0.3)
Trisomy 18 15 (0.6) 22 (2.6) 50 (1.4)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 76 (2.9) 138 (16.5) 294 (8.5)
Total live births 263338 83390 346744
Notes
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other maternal age
Maryland
Notes on Specific Birth Defects
Defect Site Comment
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) For 2021-2023, Q25.2 was used for this condition. Our registry does not allow for entry of Q25.21
Universal comment For 2021-2023 Other/Unknown race/ethnicity includes multirace
Universal comment For 2021-2023 Other/Unknown includes all those in which race/ethnicity was not determined