North Carolina
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Race/Ethnicity
Total * Notes
White,
Non-Hispanic
Black,
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic,
Non-Hispanic
Asian or
Pacific Islander,
Non-Hispanic
American Indian
or Alaskan Native,
Non-Hispanic
Anencephaly 41 (1.3) 15 (1.1) 17 (1.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 94 (1.6)
Anophthalmia / microphthalmia 32 (1.0) 15 (1.1) 10 (1.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 64 (1.1)
Anotia / microtia 44 (1.4) 13 (0.9) 59 (5.9) 9 (3.5) <5 (†) 127 (2.1)
Aortic valve stenosis 86 (2.7) 24 (1.7) 18 (1.8) <5 (†) <5 (†) 135 (2.3)
Atrial septal defect 1589 (50.1) 873 (62.0) 539 (53.8) 93 (36.2) 58 (75.6) 3188 (53.4)
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) 241 (7.6) 145 (10.3) 72 (7.2) 16 (6.2) 5 (6.5) 488 (8.2)
Biliary atresia 17 (0.5) 17 (1.2) 8 (0.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 45 (0.8)
Bladder exstrophy 11 (0.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 16 (0.3)
Choanal atresia 32 (1.0) 15 (1.1) 12 (1.2) <5 (†) <5 (†) 65 (1.1)
Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) 111 (3.5) 33 (2.3) 27 (2.7) 9 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 185 (3.1)
Cleft lip with cleft palate 167 (5.3) 42 (3.0) 53 (5.3) 12 (4.7) 7 (9.1) 286 (4.8)
Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) 211 (6.7) 61 (4.3) 51 (5.1) 19 (7.4) 11 (14.3) 356 (6.0)
Cloacal exstrophy <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (0.1)
Clubfoot 377 (11.9) 124 (8.8) 97 (9.7) 21 (8.2) 9 (11.7) 635 (10.6)
Coarctation of aorta 166 (5.2) 68 (4.8) 46 (4.6) <5 (†) <5 (†) 288 (4.8)
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) 16 (0.5) 13 (0.9) 11 (1.1) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 41 (0.7)
Congenital cataract 17 (0.5) 23 (1.6) 7 (0.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 49 (0.8)
Congenital posterior urethral valves 28 (1.7) 25 (3.5) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 60 (2.0) 1
Craniosynostosis 223 (7.0) 38 (2.7) 65 (6.5) 14 (5.5) 5 (6.5) 349 (5.9)
Deletion 22q11.2 38 (1.2) 21 (1.5) 17 (1.7) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 77 (1.3)
Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) 123 (3.9) 38 (2.7) 29 (2.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 200 (3.4)
Diaphragmatic hernia 107 (3.4) 37 (2.6) 33 (3.3) <5 (†) 5 (6.5) 189 (3.2)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) 53 (1.7) 31 (2.2) 25 (2.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 116 (1.9)
Ebstein anomaly 19 (0.6) 10 (0.7) 10 (1.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 43 (0.7)
Encephalocele 26 (0.8) 14 (1.0) 7 (0.7) <5 (†) <5 (†) 52 (0.9)
Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula 72 (2.3) 28 (2.0) 19 (1.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 127 (2.1)
Gastroschisis 110 (3.5) 36 (2.6) 46 (4.6) 9 (3.5) 7 (9.1) 214 (3.6)
Holoprosencephaly 24 (0.8) 18 (1.3) 9 (0.9) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 61 (1.0)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 89 (2.8) 51 (3.6) 27 (2.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 170 (2.8)
Hypospadias 1153 (70.8) 413 (57.8) 163 (32.0) 70 (53.9) 18 (46.3) 1828 (60.0) 1
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) 20 (0.6) 20 (1.4) 10 (1.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 52 (0.9)
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) 100 (3.2) 71 (5.0) 47 (4.7) 5 (1.9) 9 (11.7) 238 (4.0)
Omphalocele 65 (2.1) 42 (3.0) 21 (2.1) 6 (2.3) <5 (†) 141 (2.4)
Pulmonary valve atresia 31 (1.0) 25 (1.8) 16 (1.6) <5 (†) <5 (†) 78 (1.3)
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis 297 (9.4) 157 (11.2) 83 (8.3) 17 (6.6) 12 (15.7) 573 (9.6)
Rectal and large intestinal atresia / stenosis 128 (4.0) 46 (3.3) 43 (4.3) 13 (5.1) <5 (†) 236 (4.0)
Renal agenesis / hypoplasia 223 (7.0) 101 (7.2) 58 (5.8) 9 (3.5) <5 (†) 406 (6.8)
Single ventricle 18 (0.6) 9 (0.6) 11 (1.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 39 (0.7)
Small intestinal atresia / stenosis 100 (3.2) 62 (4.4) 35 (3.5) 6 (2.3) <5 (†) 207 (3.5)
Spina bifida without anencephaly 108 (3.4) 23 (1.6) 36 (3.6) 5 (1.9) <5 (†) 182 (3.1)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 162 (5.1) 86 (6.1) 49 (4.9) 17 (6.6) 7 (9.1) 322 (5.4)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) 47 (1.5) 24 (1.7) 20 (2.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 95 (1.6)
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) 131 (4.1) 42 (3.0) 31 (3.1) <5 (†) <5 (†) 214 (3.6)
Tricuspid valve atresia 43 (1.4) 32 (2.3) 15 (1.5) <5 (†) <5 (†) 92 (1.5)
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis 55 (1.7) 36 (2.6) 22 (2.2) <5 (†) <5 (†) 117 (2.0)
Trisomy 13 34 (1.1) 24 (1.7) 13 (1.3) <5 (†) <5 (†) 80 (1.3)
Trisomy 18 71 (2.2) 48 (3.4) 34 (3.4) <5 (†) <5 (†) 178 (3.0)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 354 (11.2) 150 (10.7) 215 (21.5) 30 (11.7) 14 (18.3) 794 (13.3)
Turner syndrome 49 (3.2) 17 (2.5) 16 (3.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 94 (3.2) 2
Ventricular septal defect 1549 (48.9) 713 (50.7) 637 (63.6) 99 (38.6) 39 (50.9) 3065 (51.4)
Total live births 316934 140741 100095 25679 7667 596503 3
Male Live Births 162872 71464 50902 12996 3887 304856
Female Live Births 154061 69271 49192 12683 3780 291639
Notes
1- Data for this condition include male and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 male live births.
2- Data for this condition include female and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 female live births.
3- Data for total live births include unknown infant sex.

General comments
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other race
North Carolina
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Age
Total *
Less than 35 years 35 of more years
Gastroschisis 204 (4.1) 9 (0.9) 214 (3.6)
Trisomy 13 46 (0.9) 33 (3.2) 80 (1.3)
Trisomy 18 95 (1.9) 83 (8.1) 178 (3.0)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 360 (7.3) 433 (42.5) 794 (13.3)
Total live births 494499 101982 596503
Notes
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other maternal age