Rhode Island
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Race/Ethnicity
Total * Notes
White,
Non-Hispanic
Black,
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic,
Non-Hispanic
Asian or
Pacific Islander,
Non-Hispanic
American Indian
or Alaskan Native,
Non-Hispanic
Anencephaly <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.0)
Anophthalmia / microphthalmia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Anotia / microtia 5 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 8 (5.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 15 (2.9)
Aortic valve stenosis 5 (1.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 8 (1.6)
Atrial septal defect 78 (28.1) 21 (49.8) 48 (33.2) 5 (21.6) 0 (0.0) 167 (32.4)
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) 9 (3.2) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 15 (2.9)
Biliary atresia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Bladder exstrophy 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Choanal atresia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) 10 (3.6) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 15 (2.9)
Cleft lip with cleft palate 7 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 8 (5.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 20 (3.9)
Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) 15 (5.4) <5 (†) 8 (5.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 27 (5.2)
Cloacal exstrophy 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Clubfoot 44 (15.9) 6 (14.2) 25 (17.3) <5 (†) <5 (†) 83 (16.1)
Coarctation of aorta 12 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 5 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 20 (3.9)
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Congenital cataract 5 (1.8) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 10 (1.9)
Congenital posterior urethral valves 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 1
Craniosynostosis 8 (2.9) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (2.5)
Deletion 22q11.2 <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.0)
Diaphragmatic hernia <5 (†) <5 (†) 5 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 11 (2.1)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 7 (1.4)
Ebstein anomaly 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Encephalocele <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula 7 (2.5) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 11 (2.1)
Gastroschisis 13 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 9 (6.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 23 (4.5)
Holoprosencephaly 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.0)
Hypospadias 122 (86.3) 33 (164.5) 40 (55.0) 6 (52.2) 0 (0.0) 215 (82.5) 1
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) 11 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (4.2) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 18 (3.5)
Omphalocele <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.2)
Pulmonary valve atresia <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 9 (1.7)
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis 17 (6.1) <5 (†) 9 (6.2) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 36 (7.0)
Rectal and large intestinal atresia / stenosis 8 (2.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (2.5)
Renal agenesis / hypoplasia 13 (4.7) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 18 (3.5)
Single ventricle <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Small intestinal atresia / stenosis 8 (2.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (3.1)
Spina bifida without anencephaly <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 5 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (1.4)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 5 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 5 (3.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 13 (2.5)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.2)
Tricuspid valve atresia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) <5 (†)
Trisomy 13 <5 (†) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.2)
Trisomy 18 <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 15 (2.9)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 39 (14.1) 14 (33.2) 28 (19.4) 5 (21.6) 0 (0.0) 98 (19.0)
Turner syndrome <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 6 (2.4) 2
Ventricular septal defect 127 (45.8) 24 (56.9) 70 (48.4) 10 (43.2) <5 (†) 245 (47.6)
Total live births 27719 4217 14449 2315 224 51476 3
Male Live Births 14144 2006 7276 1150 119 26045
Female Live Births 13575 2211 7172 1165 105 25429
Notes
1- Data for this condition include male and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 male live births.
2- Data for this condition include female and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 female live births.
3- Data for total live births include unknown infant sex.

General comments
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other race
Rhode Island
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Age
Total *
Less than 35 years 35 of more years
Gastroschisis 23 (5.7) 0 (0.0) 23 (4.5)
Trisomy 13 <5 (†) <5 (†) 6 (1.2)
Trisomy 18 <5 (†) 10 (8.8) 15 (2.9)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 38 (9.5) 57 (50.2) 98 (19.0)
Total live births 40106 11363 51476
Notes
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other maternal age
Rhode Island
Notes on Specific Birth Defects
Defect Site Comment
Ventricular septal defect Includes probable cases
Atrial septal defect Includes probable cases
Universal comment ICD-10 Coding used
Universal comment Data 2018-2021 include stillbirths and terminations at all gestational ages