Tennessee
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Race/Ethnicity
Total * Notes
White,
Non-Hispanic
Black,
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic,
Non-Hispanic
Asian or
Pacific Islander,
Non-Hispanic
American Indian
or Alaskan Native,
Non-Hispanic
Anencephaly 32 (1.2) 8 (1.0) 7 (1.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 52 (1.3)
Anophthalmia / microphthalmia 32 (1.2) 15 (2.0) 8 (1.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 59 (1.5)
Anotia / microtia 57 (2.2) 11 (1.4) 17 (3.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 95 (2.4)
Aortic valve stenosis 56 (2.1) 8 (1.0) 9 (2.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 78 (1.9)
Atrial septal defect 5708 (218.9) 2541 (332.0) 901 (197.8) 168 (178.7) 6 (149.6) 9536 (236.1)
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) 149 (5.7) 75 (9.8) 21 (4.6) 5 (5.3) 0 (0.0) 255 (6.3)
Biliary atresia 94 (3.6) 46 (6.0) 18 (4.0) 7 (7.4) 0 (0.0) 167 (4.1)
Bladder exstrophy 8 (0.3) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 12 (0.3)
Choanal atresia 58 (2.2) 19 (2.5) 14 (3.1) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 94 (2.3)
Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) 96 (3.7) 14 (1.8) 14 (3.1) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 130 (3.2)
Cleft lip with cleft palate 234 (9.0) 34 (4.4) 47 (10.3) 5 (5.3) 0 (0.0) 328 (8.1)
Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) 265 (10.2) 36 (4.7) 34 (7.5) 7 (7.4) <5 (†) 357 (8.8)
Cloacal exstrophy 6 (0.2) 0 (0.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (0.2)
Clubfoot 693 (26.6) 200 (26.1) 105 (23.0) 14 (14.9) <5 (†) 1043 (25.8)
Coarctation of aorta 222 (8.5) 46 (6.0) 36 (7.9) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 315 (7.8)
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) 20 (0.8) 5 (0.7) 6 (1.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 34 (0.8)
Congenital cataract 65 (2.5) 20 (2.6) 7 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 93 (2.3)
Congenital posterior urethral valves 35 (2.6) 15 (3.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 57 (2.8) 1
Craniosynostosis 518 (19.9) 55 (7.2) 62 (13.6) 12 (12.8) <5 (†) 657 (16.3)
Deletion 22q11.2 31 (1.2) 7 (0.9) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 41 (1.0)
Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) 101 (3.9) 21 (2.7) 14 (3.1) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 140 (3.5)
Diaphragmatic hernia 95 (3.6) 33 (4.3) 17 (3.7) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 157 (3.9)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) 84 (3.2) 31 (4.1) 16 (3.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 137 (3.4)
Ebstein anomaly 44 (1.7) 7 (0.9) 7 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 59 (1.5)
Encephalocele 37 (1.4) 8 (1.0) <5 (†) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 52 (1.3)
Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula 94 (3.6) 15 (2.0) 16 (3.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 129 (3.2)
Gastroschisis 121 (4.6) 25 (3.3) 20 (4.4) <5 (†) <5 (†) 174 (4.3)
Holoprosencephaly 29 (1.1) 17 (2.2) 14 (3.1) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 65 (1.6)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 114 (4.4) 37 (4.8) 8 (1.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 165 (4.1)
Hypospadias 1622 (121.7) 401 (103.6) 120 (51.6) 36 (75.2) <5 (†) 2243 (108.9) 1
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) 23 (0.9) 12 (1.6) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 41 (1.0)
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) 94 (3.6) 28 (3.7) 22 (4.8) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 149 (3.7)
Omphalocele 77 (3.0) 24 (3.1) 11 (2.4) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 115 (2.8)
Pulmonary valve atresia 47 (1.8) 12 (1.6) 9 (2.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 75 (1.9)
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis 234 (9.0) 108 (14.1) 39 (8.6) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 395 (9.8)
Rectal and large intestinal atresia / stenosis 136 (5.2) 40 (5.2) 33 (7.2) 5 (5.3) 0 (0.0) 220 (5.4)
Renal agenesis / hypoplasia 220 (8.4) 50 (6.5) 38 (8.3) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 323 (8.0)
Single ventricle 57 (2.2) 12 (1.6) 10 (2.2) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 84 (2.1)
Small intestinal atresia / stenosis 95 (3.6) 25 (3.3) 21 (4.6) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 146 (3.6)
Spina bifida without anencephaly 123 (4.7) 18 (2.4) 20 (4.4) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 164 (4.1)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 161 (6.2) 46 (6.0) 21 (4.6) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 242 (6.0)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) 33 (1.3) <5 (†) 10 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 48 (1.2)
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) 105 (4.0) 24 (3.1) 15 (3.3) <5 (†) <5 (†) 150 (3.7)
Tricuspid valve atresia 28 (1.1) 8 (1.0) 7 (1.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 47 (1.2)
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis 28 (1.1) 8 (1.0) 7 (1.5) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 47 (1.2)
Trisomy 13 28 (1.1) 9 (1.2) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 41 (1.0)
Trisomy 18 50 (1.9) 20 (2.6) 18 (4.0) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 92 (2.3)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 375 (14.4) 100 (13.1) 111 (24.4) 9 (9.6) 0 (0.0) 607 (15.0)
Turner syndrome 51 (4.0) 9 (2.4) 7 (3.1) <5 (†) 0 (0.0) 71 (3.6) 2
Ventricular septal defect 1572 (60.3) 492 (64.3) 323 (70.9) 40 (42.6) <5 (†) 2492 (61.7)
Total live births 260781 76534 45559 9399 401 403830 3
Male Live Births 133328 38714 23266 4787 199 205912
Female Live Births 127448 37815 22291 4612 202 197906
Notes
1- Data for this condition include male and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 male live births.
2- Data for this condition include female and unknown infant sex cases only. Prevalence is calculated per 10,000 female live births.
3- Data for total live births include unknown infant sex.

General comments
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other race
Tennessee
Birth Defects Counts and Prevalence 2018-2022 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)
Defect
Maternal Age
Total *
Less than 35 years 35 of more years
Gastroschisis 164 (4.7) 10 (1.7) 174 (4.3)
Trisomy 13 32 (0.9) 9 (1.6) 41 (1.0)
Trisomy 18 39 (1.1) 53 (9.2) 92 (2.3)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 307 (8.9) 300 (52.0) 607 (15.0)
Total live births 346035 57731 403830
Notes
†- Counts <5 and associated prevalences are suppressed
*- Data for totals include unknown/other maternal age
Tennessee
Notes on Specific Birth Defects
Defect Site Comment
Anencephaly Anencephalus is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Spina bifida without anencephaly Spina bifida is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Anophthalmia / microphthalmia Anophthalmia/microphthalmia is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus or TA) Common truncus is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) Transposition of great arteries is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Dextro-Transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) Dextro-transposition of great arteries is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Tetralogy of Fallot is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) Atrioventricular septal defect is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Pulmonary valve atresia Pulmonary valve atresia is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Tricuspid valve atresia Tricuspid valve atresia is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Ebstein anomaly Ebstein's anomaly is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Coarctation of aorta Coarctation of aorta is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Cleft palate alone (without cleft lip) Cleft palate alone is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Esophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Gastroschisis Gastroschisis is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Omphalocele Omphalocele is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Diaphragmatic hernia Diaphragmatic hernia is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) Trisomy 21 is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) Limb deficiencies is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Small intestinal atresia / stenosis Small intestinal atresia/stenosis is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Cleft lip alone (without cleft palate) Cleft lip alone is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Cleft lip with cleft palate Cleft lip with cleft palate is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Single ventricle Single ventricle is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) Interrupted aortic arch is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) Double outlet right ventricle is one of 27 conditions TN performs diagnosis verification (through medical record review) for. This review is complete for birth years 2018-2020 and currently incomplete for birth years 2021-2023. Because of this, counts may appear higher for birth years 2021-2023 as false positives (i.e. inaccurately reported cases) have not yet been removed as they have for the earlier birth years.
Universal comment Note that male and female live birth numbers do not sum to overall live birth total due to a small number of live births each year that had unknown sex.